Monica Farris Linkner, P.C.

Building Families Through Adoption and Assisted Reproductive Technology

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FAQs

Q: What is independent adoption?
 
 
  Q: Why do people choose independent adoption?
 
 
Q: What are the risks involved in adoption and surrogacy?
 
A: In an adoption there is always the risk that, before parental rights are terminated, a birthmother may change her mind and decide to parent the child. Or, a birthfather may be successful in challenging an adoption. Adoptive parents must willingly acknowledge and accept these risks. Pregnancy-related expenses that have been paid by the adoptive parents cannot be recouped, nor can the payment of such expenses be used to pressure a birthparent to proceed with an adoptive placement. Early placement is one of the great benefits of independent adoption. However, the adoptive parents will inevitably become emotionally involved with the child during this “at-risk” time. The parties may decide if the child will be placed in the adoptive home during the “at-risk” period, or in an interim care placement. Counseling, education and your own assessment of your ability to handle risk will govern your decision.

In a surrogacy or gestational carrier situation, the primary risks are that a pregnancy will not occur (or carry to term), and that the surrogate/gestational carrier may want to raise the child herself. The first is a medical risk that should be assessed by your medical
specialist. The second is a risk that rarely arises. Proper evaluation at the outset, and counseling during the process, help to support the surrogate’s initial commitment to carry a child for the benefit of the intended parents. Nonetheless, it is important to work with an attorney who can handle the situation should the surrogate seek to parent.

Q: What expenses should I expect?
 
A:  This is a difficult question to answer, yet understandably a crucial one.  
Adopting parents will typically pay for their own attorney fees, birthparent legal fees, counseling fees, and some pregnancy-related medical and living expenses.  Birthparents generally are unable to pay these costs.  In addition, the adoptive parents must pay for a homestudy and may incur expenses in their search for birthparents. These expenses can be paid to the extent permitted by law, and will of course vary from case to case.  We assist you in arriving at a budget and making sure that all expenses are properly paid with accurate records.
The intended parents will be paying similar expenses in a surrogacy or gestational carrier case, plus the medical costs involved to establish the pregnancy.  Your legal fees will vary depending on whether or not you will need to adopt the child.
 
 

   

 

 

Q.  I thought surrogacy was illegal in Michigan, isn’t it?

A:  Surrogacy and gestational carrier cases are not illegal in Michigan.  Michigan law does contain restrictions, such as prohibiting payment of a fee to the surrogate/gestational carrier for her services. There is much misinformation available about surrogacy, ARTs in general, and adoption.  That’s why it’s so important to work with an expert in these highly complex fields.

Q.  What is Open Adoption?


A:  “Open Adoption” means the sharing of identifying information and/or contact between the adoptive and biological parents of an adopted child. This can occur before, during and/or after the placement of the child.  Nowadays there is a continuum of openness in adoptions, from completely closed (birthparents and adoptive parents never meet and do not share identifying information) to semi-open (parties may meet before the baby is born, and maintain some contact through the years such as letters and pictures which may be exchanged using our office as the go-between) to fully open (involves full disclosure of identifying information between adoptive and birth families; may involve direct meetings in each others' homes or in public places, phone calls, letters, and sometimes contact with extended family).  In our firm, the parties to an adoption can decide how open they want their adoption to be, according to their own comfort level.

Q.  Are adoptive parents screened so I’ll know my baby will be safe?

A: Prospective adoptive parents go through a comprehensive screening process called a homestudy or preplacement assessment that is performed by a social worker.  This involves personal interviews, home visits, a thorough review of financial records, medical reports, references, criminal and protective services record clearances, and sometimes parenting classes.  In interstate adoptions, the Interstate Compact on the Placement of Children adds another layer of protection.
A social worker checks on the adoptive family and files reports with the court for a period of time after the child is placed in their home.


Q.  Do you handle contested adoptions?
 
A:  Yes.

Q.  Am I too old to adopt?  

A:  There are no age limits to be able to adopt within the United States.  Every adoptive parent must have an approved homestudy, meaning you have been found suitable to be a parent.  We work with very diverse adoptive parents, and do not discriminate on the basis of age, race, national origin, religion, handicap, or sexual orientation.  

Q: What about the birthfather?
 

 

Q: What if a birthparent/adoptive
parents/surrogate/intended parent lives in another state?